强调光

在摄影中还有一种光——强调光。强调光的功能就是为人像增添一点亮色，一种冲劲，突出被摄者的形态并增强立体感，或者引起人们对被强调光照明部分的注意。在摄影室中这种光通常都是小范围的未经散射的强硬光线，很有冲劲。由此可见，设置这种灯光用不着太大的花费，它甚至用一面镜子把其它的光源，例如一只便携式闪光灯，反射到画面中，就能起到强调的作用。如果使用闪光灯作光源，可以把它放在一个支架上，通过一只伺服开关，即光电启动器，使闪光与其它的照明同步。之所以要利用镜子，主要是为了控制强调光的照明范围。为了获得最佳效果，强调光通常从被摄者的侧后方发出，有时就会射入镜头，结果反而破坏了影像效果。因此，为了确保镜头不受眩光影响，在强调光与镜头之间应放上用黑纸板做的遮光片。强调光的强度一般并没有非常严格的规定，因为不同的摄影师所追求的效果各不相同，不过不妨以超过主光一级光圈的亮度作为试拍的出发点。然而即便强调光的强度与主光相同，它也会产生一种相当生动的效果，因为其光质比较强硬，而且其照明的角度使光线对着镜头反射。顺便说一句，如果以闪光作为强调光的光源，那么在测量强调光的强度时，应关闭在场的所有其它光源。运用强调光可以增强人像的戏剧性和立体效果，而且并不费事也不费钱。只要稍加实践就能掌握这一招，而结果将会使你获得更上一层楼的人像作品。

photography

摄影又称照相，俗称拍照。日本则是引用中国古代绘画的术语称写真。英文Photography，是由希腊文Phos与Grapho的结合字。Phos 是光，Grapho是描绘，合字是利用光来描绘的意思。就是任何景物由以有光的反射，而聪明的人类想到利用针孔或透镜来摄取其反映过来的影像，再由感光材料作成，可以永久保存的影像记录，我们通称为摄影。
摄影的范围很广,一般包括风光摄影,人像摄影,纪实摄影,生态摄影,广告摄影,实验摄影,黑白摄影等等.在这里我们主要讲的是人像摄影和风光摄影,之所以写这个内容,是因为我们对这个比较有兴趣和有一点点的了解.在这个基础上我们就介绍一些关于构图和用光的小知识.
随着科技的发展,摄影的器材不断的完善,摄影技术也不断的提升,摄影也越来越方便,从而导致爱摄影的人也越来越多.传统相机经镜头接收外界景物的影像，映在传统的感光胶卷上，再将胶卷冲洗印制照片,完成摄影取像,存有相片.而现在的数码相机是经镜头接收外界景物的影像，映受不同的光色在CCD上，以感光所成许许多多不同电流信息变为数字号码，储存在内存卡中。CCD可以选删其已拍摄之影像资料，可输入电脑，相机本身亦可按键作显像、删除、再重复使用，不像胶卷一曝光，就得装新底片,而且前工尽毁。摄影的影像储存以前是胶卷(一整卷)。现在是新进科技产物、数码内存卡(一小薄片),甚至不用卡而直接存在机子上。而且现在的照片跟以前的还有很大的区别,以前的就是拍了就洗出来,拍成怎样就怎样,而现在的可以在电脑通过用一些软件把它修改一下,使其更加完美.在这我们会把一些经过修改的照片展示在大家眼前,并且做一些点评.

In the room uses up

In the room the light generally may divide into the host light, makes up the light, the background light and shines four kinds. The decision by the absorb illumination pattern first choice light is the focus light, but other lights then only can play the assistance role, the shade awning usually is supports the lamp with the soft light lamp box. Therefore uses the soft light lamp box, is because it sends out the light is evener, is advantageous for the control. The soft light lamp box power is stronger, the illumination scope is broader. As for the common shade building, the caliber was one square meter about soft light lamp box can be competent. Its illumination intensity, the distance and the angle may according to need to carry on wilfully adjusts, but the exposure determination on take the host light as the basis. Makes up the light also is called the assistance light, as the name suggests, it plays the role is carries on the supplement illumination to the shadow, causes the shadow to change superficially. Actually, makes up the light uses to be allowed to be with the host light similar soft light lamp box, adjusts it and the host light light ratio through the illumination distance or the output. If makes up the light the exposure are less than the host light 3 obstructs the aperture, its light compares is 1: 3, in other words its result will obtain a deeper shadow. If makes up the light the intensity approaches the host light, then the shadow partial changed extremely superficially. In order to be convenient, makes up the light the photosource generally fixes on the ceiling or the wall, only is controls the shadow through the adjustment output way the depth, as for how only then can cause to make up the light obtains with the host light best light ratio, then only can depend on repeatedly the experiment. The background light, under the majority situation, is all pulled open by absorb with the background the certain distance. But obviously is weaken as a result of the photosource illumination along with the distance increase, but the background is been farther than by the absorb distance photosource, therefore the background brightness is been darker than by absorb many. If according to by absorb illumination situation exposure, then the background could appear darkly, the result was is looked like by absorb is similar to melts into inside the dark background. If the photographer does not mind this kind of background effect the speech, certainly also did not use the background light. But if must want to distinguish by absorb same background, then has the necessity carries on to the background alone illuminates, thereupon had the so-called background light. However, background light utilization must consider background color, distance and illumination angle and so on, does is not good can outsmart oneself, therefore, needs to carry on to the background light repeatedly adjusts only then can use just right. In order to evenly illuminates one seamless background, sometimes the meeting needs to use two lamps. The so-called head shines is condenses by the original projection to the end above not that natural one bunch, gradually evolves into one or are many only broader and a gentle light, comes out the effect not only causes the hair to evade cannot become pitch-dark, moreover also can outline by the absorb outline, thus it is again called " the separation light ". This kind used up the method now already uses quite universally, used for this goal is the small soft light lamp box or the strip lamps and lanterns. This kind of shines also may use one bunch of lights the means which reflects through the ceiling implements, but must pay attention control Cloth light scope and angle, if shone to the nose on non good watching. These four methods according to need to be allowed nimbly to match the use. Is engaged in the portrait photography as for the use natural light in the photo studio or in the outdoors, uses the photosource is the scene natural light as well as the illuminator, certainly, also may adopt the illumination way which the natural light and the light unifies, this is the photographers convention procedure. But, takes a photograph regarding the portrait says, the existing illumination method lays out the portrait sometimes still let the person feel what as if lacked. In brief, one speech: Insufficiently splendid.

来美国之后

好不容易才用了十来二十年熟悉一个生活环境,就这样,不知道怎么又换了一个新的环境.真的有点不大习惯.吃的,穿的,用的,坐的~~~都不同,其中最不同的就是说的.这也是最难的,家乡话,国语和粤语我倒用了十几年来学啦!才能有一口说得可以的话!但,美语我是不可能用相等的时间来学的.我必须在两年之内可以讲一口算是可以的美语!
这个世界上,最容易的是沟通,最难的也是沟通,最需要的更是沟通.

前景的作用

使用醒目的前景能达到如下几个目的：它们能表明景物的大小，让观众了解有关景物各部分相对尺寸的信息；它们可以让观众看到风景的详尽细节，为中景和远处平面（此处的这种细节不明显）展现的广阔景物注入更多的含义；最重要的是，通过把景物近处和远处的成份并列在一起，通过它们为照片增加了深度，从而产生了立体感。应当设法使用大广角镜头靠近前景的被摄体拍摄。理想的办法是，通过选择小光圈以取得最大的景深，让前景和远处的成份都得到清晰地再现。如果前景的成份与较远处的景物平面（包括天空）相交或向上突入其中，那么前景的成份所起的作用会更加有效。这会使构图显得更紧凑。

室内用光

在室内对人像的用光在乎于是大人还是小孩，拍大人跟小孩有点不同，大人的皮肤比交粗糙吸光比较强。面部轮廓比较明显。而小孩的皮肤白白嫩嫩，比较晶莹通透!所以小孩最好不要打轮廓灯，打平灯就好啦，小孩一定要吖底灯。一旦打了底灯就会把下巴给提亮，就会把小孩的整个脸形给排出来。大人可以打一下轮廓灯，显示出大人的成熟风格。
室内光一般可以分为主光，补光，背景光和头发光四种。
决定被摄者照明格局的首选灯光即为主光，而其它的灯光则只能起到辅助作用，影棚通常是用柔光灯箱做主灯。之所以采用柔光灯箱，是因为它发出的光线较为均匀,便于控制。柔光灯箱的功率越强,照明范围越广。对于一般的影楼来说，口径为一平方米左右的柔光灯箱就能胜任了。其照明的强度，距离和角度可根据需要进行任意调整，而曝光量的确定就以主光为依据。
补光也叫辅助光，顾名思义，它所起的作用就是对阴影进行补充照明，使阴影变得浅淡。其实，补光所用的可以是与主光同样的柔光灯箱，通过照明距离或输出功率来调整它与主光的光比。如果补光的曝光比主光少3挡光圈的话，其光比就是1：3，也就是说其结果将得到较深的阴影。如果补光的强度接近主光的话，那么阴影部分就变得非常浅淡了。为了方便，补光的光源一般固定在天花板或墙上，只是通过调整输出功率的方式来控制阴影的深浅，至于怎样才能使补光取得与主光的最佳光比,则只能靠反复的试验。
背景光，在大多数情况下，被摄者都与背景拉开一定的距离。由于光源的照明随着距离的增加而明显地减弱，而背景比被摄者距离光源更远，所以背景的亮度要比被摄者暗许多。如果按被摄者的照明情况曝光的话，则背景就会显得更暗了，结果是被摄者看起来如同融入黑暗的背景之中。如果摄影师不介意这种背景效果的话，当然也就用不着背景光了。但是如果要想把被摄者同背景区别开来的话，则有必要对背景进行单独照明，于是就有了所谓的背景光。然而，背景光的运用要照顾到背景的色彩、距离和照明的角度等等，搞得不好就会弄巧成拙，因此，需要对背景光进行反复调整才能用得恰到好处。为了均匀地照明一个无缝的背景，有时会需要使用两盏灯。
所谓的头发光是由原来投射到头上的不那么自然的一束聚光，逐渐演变成为一只或多只更加宽广而柔和的灯光，出来的效果不但使头发避不会成为漆黑一团，而且还能勾画出被摄者的轮廓，因而它又被称为“分离光”。这种用光方法现在已经使用得相当普遍，为此目的采用的是小型柔光灯箱或条型灯具。这种头发光还可以采用把一束灯光通过天花板反射的办法来实施，不过要注意控制布光范围和角度，如果照射到鼻子上就不好看了。
这四种方法根据需要可以灵活搭配使用。至于使用自然光在摄影室或在户外从事人像摄影，所用的光源则是现场的自然光以及反光板，当然，也可以采取自然光与灯光相结合的照明方式, 这是摄影师们的常规做法。但是，对于人像摄影来说，现有的照明方法所拍出的人像有时仍然让人感到似乎缺了什么. 总之，一句话：不够精彩。

本照片只打了一盏主光灯,从上而下45度照下来.没有用到其它灯.拍出来的黑白片子就有了很强的阴影效果,从而显示出人的面部轮廓,更加增强了黑白的效果.